Helium gas plays a crucial role in numerous scientific and medical laboratory settings due to its unique properties and characteristics. As an inert, colourless, and odourless gas, helium is highly valued for its non-reactive nature and safety. Laboratories frequently utilise helium gas in processes that require precision and stability, primarily because it does not interfere with the chemical reactions taking place.
Properties of Helium Gas
Helium is the second lightest and second most abundant element in the universe. This noble gas belongs to the group of elements that are typically unreactive, owing to their full valence electron shell. Its low boiling point, non-flammability, and other distinct attributes make helium ideal for a variety of laboratory applications.
Cooling and Cryogenics
One of the primary uses of helium gas in laboratories is its application in cooling and cryogenics. Helium is essential in maintaining ultra-low temperatures for superconducting materials and other cryogenic research fields. Its ability to remain in a gaseous state at extremely low temperatures makes it indispensable for cooling superconducting magnets used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers.
Analytical and Calibration Applications
In analytical chemistry, helium is frequently used as a carrier gas in gas chromatography. Its low molecular weight and viscosity permit faster analysis without sacrificing efficiency, which enhances the separation of compounds. Moreover, laboratories depend on Coregas to provide high-quality helium, ensuring that precision in scientific measurements is maintained. Additionally, helium is used in the creation of calibration gases for sensitive equipment, enhancing the accuracy of analytical results.
Purging and Inert Atmospheres
Helium’s inert nature makes it beneficial for creating controlled, non-reactive environments in laboratories. It is often used to purge systems, removing air and moisture before chemical reactions are conducted. This ensures that the reactions occur without unwanted interference or degradation caused by oxygen or other reactive gases.
Gas Chromatography
In gas chromatography, helium serves as an optimal carrier gas due to its efficiency in moving samples through the column in minimal time while providing precise readings. Its properties allow for high-resolution analysis that is crucial for identifying and quantifying various substances within a sample.
Helium Gas in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Helium is critical in nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers, where it is primarily used for cooling. The superconductor coils in NMR machines rely on liquid helium to maintain the low temperatures necessary for their operation, enabling precise instrumentation capabilities in scientific research.
Safety and Handling
While helium gas does not pose significant health risks, proper storage and handling of helium cylinders are necessary to ensure laboratory safety. Helium storage requires secure containment in specially designed gas cylinders, as well as safety precautions during use to prevent leaks and excessive exposure.
Alternative Applications
Beyond laboratory settings, helium is also used in various industries, including space exploration, where it cools satellite instruments and pressure regulation systems. Additionally, its application in the production of semiconductor wafers signifies its importance in the electronics industry.
The Future of Helium Supply
Given helium’s varied applications, concerns about its supply and sustainability are rising. Efforts are underway to manage helium reserves efficiently and develop alternative methods for its recovery to meet increasing demand while preserving this valuable resource for future use.
Conclusion
In modern laboratories, helium gas is indispensable due to its unique properties that support myriad applications from cooling and analytical processes to creating inert environments. The continued supply and responsible management of helium are essential to advancing scientific research and technological innovation. Partnering with trusted suppliers like Coregas ensures that laboratories have consistent access to high-quality helium for all scientific and industrial needs.
