Whether you’re remodeling your home, planning a new construction project, or preparing to sell, understanding building codes is key to avoiding costly setbacks. Building codes exist to ensure that homes and structures are safe, energy-efficient, and up to local standards. But even experienced homeowners and contractors can run into trouble.
In this article, we’ll break down some of the most common building code violations and offer practical tips on how to avoid them — especially if you’re planning on selling a house with code violations.
Why Building Codes Matter
Local building codes regulate how construction and renovations are performed. These rules cover everything from electrical wiring and plumbing to structural integrity and fire safety. Failing to follow these codes can result in fines, delays, failed inspections, and even legal issues during a home sale.
When it’s time to sell, especially in competitive markets, code violations can dramatically reduce your buyer pool or slow down the process due to lender requirements or inspection concerns.
1. Unpermitted Work
One of the most common (and costly) violations is doing major work without proper permits. Adding a room, building a deck, or converting a garage into living space often requires city or county approval. Skipping permits to save time or money can come back to haunt you.
How to avoid it: Always check with your local building department before starting a renovation. Even if you’re hiring a contractor, verify that all necessary permits are in place.
2. Faulty Electrical Wiring
Electrical code violations are both dangerous and common. DIY wiring, overloaded circuits, and outdated breaker panels can cause fires and fail inspections.
How to avoid it: Hire a licensed electrician for any electrical work. If you’re buying an older home, have the system inspected to catch hidden issues early.
3. Improper Venting
Bathroom fans, dryers, and kitchen exhaust systems must be vented to the exterior — not into attics or crawl spaces. Improper venting can lead to moisture buildup, mold, and health hazards.
How to avoid it: Make sure exhaust fans are properly ducted outside the home, using the shortest, most direct route possible. Avoid using flexible, accordion-style ductwork which can trap lint or moisture.
4. Stair and Railing Issues
Building codes have specific rules about stair height, tread depth, and railing placement. Missing or improperly spaced railings are a common issue, especially in older homes.
How to avoid it: If you’re adding stairs or decks, follow current building code specs. Most require railings on steps with more than three risers and guardrails for decks over 30 inches high.
5. Water Heater and HVAC Violations
Water heaters and HVAC systems must be installed with proper clearance, venting, and pressure relief systems. Violations can result in carbon monoxide risks or water damage.
How to avoid it: Always use licensed professionals for installation, and ensure they’re pulling permits and following the manufacturer’s requirements.
6. Egress Windows in Basements
Finished basements used for sleeping or living space must have egress windows — large enough for escape in case of fire. This is a frequently missed requirement.
How to avoid it: Before converting a basement into a bedroom or living space, make sure you include a properly sized egress window according to code.
7. Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detectors
Every bedroom and hallway needs a working smoke detector, and CO detectors are required near sleeping areas, especially in homes with gas appliances or fireplaces.
How to avoid it: Test detectors monthly, replace batteries annually, and install updated models where needed. Some states now require sealed, long-life battery detectors.
What Happens When You Try Selling a House with Code Violations?
If you’re thinking about selling a house with code violations, it’s important to understand how they can affect the process. Here’s what typically happens:
- Home inspectors will catch them, which may cause buyers to back out or request repairs before closing.
- Mortgage lenders may refuse financing for properties that don’t meet safety codes.
- Buyers may negotiate for a lower price, citing the cost of necessary fixes.
- In some areas, disclosure laws require sellers to inform buyers of known violations.
For these reasons, it’s critical to resolve or disclose violations early in the selling process.
How to Avoid Code Violations Altogether
- Do your homework. Before any renovation, check local building codes and permit requirements.
- Use licensed professionals. Don’t cut corners by hiring unlicensed contractors.
- Document everything. Keep permits, inspection reports, and renovation receipts for future reference or buyer requests.
- Schedule inspections. Regular home inspections (even when you’re not selling) can help catch and resolve small issues before they grow.
- Consult your city or county website. Many local governments provide building code resources and permit guides online.
Final Thoughts
Building code violations are more common than you might think, but with a little knowledge and preparation, they’re entirely manageable. Whether you’re tackling a renovation or preparing to sell, the key is to be informed, proactive, and transparent.
If you’re in the process of selling a home with code violations, explore all your options. You may choose to fix them, offer the home “as-is,” or work with an experienced buyer who understands how to navigate these challenges.
